darulmaarif.net – Indramayu, 25 February 2026 | 04.00 WIB
Ramadan is a month of worship, a month of patience, and a month of soul purification. However, Islam, as a religion of mercy, never imposes obligations beyond the capabilities of its servants. Behind the obligation to fast, Allah SWT also provides rukhshah (relief) for those who are in certain conditions. This relief is not a form of negligence towards worship, but rather a form of love for the Shari’a of the people of the Prophet Muhammad SAW.
So, who can stop fasting during Ramadan according to Sharia?
- Safar (Travel)
People who are traveling are allowed not to fast. This is based on the words of Allah SWT:
So whoever among you is sick or on a journey, then a number of other days.
Meaning: “So whoever among you is sick or on a journey (and does not fast), (must make up for) the days (not fasting) on other days.” (QS. Al-Baqorah Verse 184)
The scholars explained that the minimum travel limit that allows breaking the fast is the distance that allows qashar prayer, around 89 km. Some scholars require the journey to begin before dawn. However, in the Islamic jurisprudence there are differences of opinion regarding this minimum distance.
Even though breaking the fast is permitted, the most important thing is still to look at the conditions. If the journey is light and not burdensome, then continuing fasting is more important. On the other hand, if it is heavy and tiring, breaking the fast is more recommended. This is the practice of friends when fighting with Rosululloh SAW in the month of Ramadan. (HR. Imam Muslim).
What needs to be underlined is that any missed fast must still be replaced on another day.
- Sick
People who are sick and are worried that fasting will worsen their condition or slow down healing are allowed to break their fast. If the illness still has hope of recovery, then it is mandatory to replace fasting once you are healthy.
However, if the illness is chronic and there is little chance of recovery, then qadha is not obligatory, but instead pays fidyah by feeding the poor according to the number of days left.
Sharia does not mean harm. The rules of jurisprudence state:
The damage is removed
Meaning: “The danger must be eliminated.”
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Pregnant and breastfeeding women are among the groups that receive relief. The scholars differ regarding the obligations after breaking the fast:
- It is obligatory to do qodlo (likened to a sick person).
- Fidyah is only required (equated to people who cannot afford it).
- It is obligatory to qodlo as well as pay fidyah.
The opinion that is often chosen is to look at the reasons for breaking the fast. If you are worried about yourself, just qodlo. If you are worried about the baby or fetus, then qodlo and pay fidyah.
This difference shows the breadth of the grace of the Shari’a in responding to the realities of life.
- Elderly
Elderly people who are no longer able to fast are not required to fast. However, they are obliged to pay fidyah, as Allah SWT says:
A few days. And whoever among you is sick or on a journey, then for a number of other days, and whoever is able to bear it, must pay a ransom for food. Poor guy. So whoever does good voluntarily, it is better for him. And if you fast, it is better for you if you only knew.
Meaning: “(Namely) a certain number of days. So, whoever among you is sick or on a journey (and does not fast), (must make up for) the amount of the day (where he does not fast) on other days. For those who are hard at it, they are obliged to pay fidyah, (that is) to feed a poor person. Whoever willingly does good deeds, it is better for him and fasting is better for you if you know.” (QS. Al-Baqoroh Verse 184)
Islam does not burden a person beyond his abilities. When you are no longer physically strong, worship continues in a form that suits your abilities.
- Dangerous Hunger and Thirst
If someone experiences a life-threatening emergency—such as extreme hunger, severe thirst, or a disaster situation—then it is permissible and even mandatory to break the fast to maintain personal safety.
Allah SWT says:
He has only forbidden you dead animals, blood, pork and anything offered to other than Allah. So whoever is forced, without wanting and without transgressing, there is no sin for him. God is Most Forgiving and Most Merciful
Meaning: “Indeed, He has only forbidden you carrion, blood, pork, and (meat) of animals slaughtered by (mentioning the name of) other than Allah. However, whoever is forced to (eat it), not because he wants it and (also) does not exceed the limit, then there is no sin for him. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.” (QS. Al-Baqoroh Verse 173)
The rules of fiqh emphasize:
Necessity permits prohibition
Meaning: “Emergency conditions allow things that were previously prohibited.”
However, this relief is still measured according to the level or emergency conditions.
- Forced or Coerced
A person who is forced to eat or drink so that his fast is broken is not guilty, because his actions were not of his own free will. Likewise, people are forced to break their fast to save other people’s lives, such as in a fire, flood or accident.
In conditions like this, breaking the fast is permissible. However, you still have to replace it on another day.
- Heavy Worker
Professions that require extra energy, such as transportation workers, blacksmiths or manual workers, can be the reason why someone is not strong enough to fast. However, this provision does not necessarily end the gap from the start.
They are still obliged to intend to fast and eat sahur. If in the middle of the day it turns out that the condition is really dangerous, then it is permissible to break the fast and it is mandatory to replace it.
What needs to be maintained is the honor of the month of Ramadan. Not eating in public places and maintaining good manners as a form of ta’zhim towards Islamic teachings.
Furthermore, clerics recommend planning in advance, such as saving in order to reduce workload during Ramadan.
Islamic Sharia Makes It Easier, Not Burdensome
Relaxation in fasting is not an opportunity to be lazy, but a blessing for those who really need it. Islam stands on balance: between azimah (legal firmness) and rukhshah (leniency).
The greater the difficulty, the wider the relief. However, the milder the conditions, the stronger the obligation to continue fasting.
Ramadan fasting is a great worship that educates piety. So whoever is still able, should not take the rukhshah easily. And whoever is given leniency, should continue to maintain manners and compensate for his obligations.
Because in the end what is judged is not just hunger and thirst, but obedience to the Shari’a that has been established by Allah SWT.
Hope it is useful. Wallohu a’lam.
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